English through civil engineering.+CD Zabrze

ENGLISH THROUGH CIVIL ENGINEERING. CONTENTS UNIT 1 Why you do not fall through the floor ................................ 7 Reading / Topic: Why structures carry loads .................................. 8 Notes on grammar: The Simple Present and Simple Past Tenses ... 10 Focus on practice ................................................................... 11 UNIT 2 Stress on stress, strain and strength............................... 13 Reading / Topic: Stress and strain ............................................. 14 Notes on grammar: Type 1 conditionals ...................................... 16 Focus on practice ................................................................... 17 UNIT 3 Beams are everywhere ................................................... 20 Reading / Topic: Beams ........................................................... 21 Notes on structures: Describing properties. Cause and effect ......... 24 Focus on practice ................................................................... 24 UNIT 4 Columns are compressed, whereas wires are stretched ... 26 Reading / Topic: Tension and compression structures ................... 27 Notes on grammar: The Passive Voice ....................................... 28 Focus on practice ................................................................... 29 4 Spis treści UNIT 5 The age of reinforced concrete ....................................... 32 Reading / Topic: Reinforced concrete ......................................... 33 Notes on grammar: Formation of adjectives ................................ 34 Focus on practice ................................................................... 35 UNIT 6 Joints, fastenings and people ......................................... 37 Reading / Topic: Joints in steel structures ................................... 38 Notes on grammar: Modal auxiliary verbs ................................... 40 Focus on practice ................................................................... 40 UNIT 7 The part of the building you do not see ........................... 43 Reading / Topic: Foundations ................................................... 44 Notes on grammar: Identifying and non-identifying relative clauses . 47 Focus on practice ................................................................... 47 UNIT 8 Walls do not always have ears ........................................ 50 Reading / Topic: Walls ............................................................ 51 Notes on grammar: Time clauses ............................................. 54 Focus on practice ................................................................... 55 UNIT 9 Higher and higher into the sky ........................................ 58 Reading / Topic: Skyscrapers .................................................. 59 Notes on grammar: Comparative and superlative adjectives .......... 61 Focus on practice ................................................................... 62 Contents 5 UNIT 10 Bridges over rough waters ............................................. 64 Reading / Topic: Bridges .......................................................... 65 Notes on stuctures .................................................................. 67 Focus on practice ................................................................... 68 UNIT 11 There is no smoke without a chimney ............................. 71 Reading / Topic: Steel chimneys................................................ 72 Notes on stuctures: Impersonal statements ................................. 73 Focus on practice ................................................................... 74 UNIT 12 Nature is at risk ............................................................. 77 Reading / Topic: Air pollution (environmental problems) ................. 78 Focus on practice ................................................................... 80 KEY TO EXERCISES ........................................................... 83 THE ENGLISH – POLISH DICTIONARY ............................. 89 THE POLISH – ENGLISH DICTIONARY ........................... 111