Computer Networks in Packet Tracer for intermediate users (E-book) Wieliczka

The book: “COMPUTER NETWORKS IN PACKET TRACER FOR INTERMEDIATE USERS” is designed for people who want to expand their skills and knowledge in the field of managing LAN and WAN networks. The reader finds here descriptions and practical exercises on configuring CISCO devices. It is a continuation of the first book with the same title. The authors have adopted the principle: minimum of theory, maximum of practical examples which will enable the reader to learn how to administer ICT networks in many complex device configurations without the need to purchase expensive CISCO equipment. The content of the book covers the basics of configuring protocols, services and network techniques such as: dynamic routing RIP, EGIRP, OSPF, eBGP, static routing, access control lists VoIP, STP, RS,VTP, FRAME RELAY, PPP, PAP and CHAP authentication RADIUS, NETFLOW, NAT, L2NAT, VPN tuneling. This part also includes configuring multilayer switches 3560-24PS and 3650-24PS. The authors of this book are an intergenerational and interdisciplinary team. Talented student of the Communications School Complex in Gdansk Damian Strojek. His passion is computer networks, and he holds certifications CCNA R&S and CCNA Security. Jerzy Kluczewski, a long-time CISCO CCNA Academy instructor. He already has several book publications to his credit about the Packet Tracer simulator. He gained his experience while working in industry and is currently a lecturer at the Gdansk School of Banking. Translation: a very talented student of applied linguistics at Silesian University in Katowice – Julia Skutela. She has been studying English and Russian to become a professional translator. Eager to expand her knowledge and building a workshop of the translator she has decided to raise up to the challenge of translating the following book into English. Spis treści: TABLE OF CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 132 DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS ...................................................................... 172.1 BROADCAST DOMAINS, AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ROUTING ........................................ 172.2 BASIC CONCEPTS OF ROUTING ................................................................................ 202.2.1 Neighbor Routers .................................................................................... 202.2.2 Directly Connected Network .................................................................... 202.2.3 The Code of Source of the Routing Information ...................................... 212.2.4 Administrative Distance .......................................................................... 222.2.5 Routing Metric ......................................................................................... 232.2.6 Routing Table .......................................................................................... 242.2.7 Routing Updates ...................................................................................... 252.2.8 Routes Summarization ............................................................................ 252.2.9 Split Horizon ............................................................................................ 262.3 RIPV1 PROTOCOL ................................................................................................ 292.3.1 Basic Features of the RIPv1 Protocol ....................................................... 292.3.2 Configuring IP Addresses for Interfaces .................................................. 302.3.3 RIP Protocol Configuration via Config Tab .............................................. 302.3.4 RIP Protocol Configuration via IOS Commands ....................................... 322.3.5 Automatic Network Summarization ........................................................ 332.3.6 RIP Protocol Configuration Check ............................................................ 332.3.7 Display of Existing Routes in the Routing Table ...................................... 342.3.8 Display of Current RIP Protocol Settings .................................................. 342.3.9 Configuring the Timers for the RIP Protocol ............................................ 352.4 RIPV2 PROTOCOL ................................................................................................ 372.4.1 Common Features of RIP Protocol Version 1 and 2 ................................. 372.4.2 Differences between Protocols RIP v1 and RIP v2 ................................... 382.5 EIGRP PROTOCOL ............................................................................................... 382.5.1 Introduction to EIGRP .............................................................................. 382.5.2 Basic Concepts on EIGRP ......................................................................... 382.5.3 Basic Configuration and Verification Commands .................................... 392.5.4 Example of Configurating and Checking the EIGRP Protocol .................. 402.5.5 Selecting the Best Route in the EIGRP Protocol ....................................... 452.5.6 Configuration of Parameters for Interfaces in the EIGRP Protocol .......... 492.6 OSPFV2 PROTOCOL ............................................................................................. 502.6.1 Introduction to OSPFv2 ............................................................................ 502.6.2 Basic Concepts of OSPFv2 ........................................................................ 512.6.3 SPF Algorithm .......................................................................................... 522.6.4 Selection of Routers DR and BDR in OSPFV2 ........................................... 572.6.5 Configuring Protocol OSPFV2 .................................................................. 572.6.6 Display Existing OSPF Routes in the Routing Table ................................. 602.6.7 Route Distributions between Different Protocols .................................... 602.6.8 Route Distributions between RIPV2 and OSPF Protocols ......................... 612.6.9 Route Distributions between OSPF protocols with different process ID .. 622.7 BGPV4 PROTOCOL .............................................................................................. 632.7.1 Introduction to BGPv4 ............................................................................. 632.7.2 Basic IOS Commands Configuring eBGPv4 .............................................. 642.7.3 Configuring protocol eBGPv4 .................................................................. 653 STATIC ROUTING .............................................................................................. 733.1 INTRODUCTION TO STATIC ROUTING ........................................................................ 733.2 BASIC CONCEPTS OF STATIC ROUTING ...................................................................... 733.3 STATIC ROUTES CONFIGURATION TYPES ................................................................... 743.4 CONFIGURING ROUTES USING NEXT HOP ADDRESS .................................................... 753.5 CONFIGURING ROUTES USING THE OUTPUT INTERFACE ............................................... 783.6 CONFIGURING MULTIPLE STATIC ROUTES ................................................................. 813.7 CONFIGURING BACKUP ROUTES .............................................................................. 853.8 CONFIGURING THE DEFAULT ROUTE ......................................................................... 874 ACCESS CONTROL LISTS .................................................................................... 934.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 934.2 TYPES OF ACL ..................................................................................................... 944.2.1 Standard ACL ........................................................................................... 944.2.2 Extended ACL ........................................................................................... 944.2.3 Named ACL .............................................................................................. 954.3 RULES FOR CREATING ACCESS CONTROL LISTS ........................................................... 954.4 PLANNING ACCESS CONTROL LISTS .......................................................................... 964.5 MOST COMMON MISTAKES ................................................................................... 974.5.1 Wrong Sequence of Introduced Rules ..................................................... 974.5.2 Incomplete Rules ..................................................................................... 994.5.3 Wrong Choice of Interface or Direction of the Introduced ACL ............. 1004.6 ACCESS CONTROL LIST NUMBERING ....................................................................... 1014.7 STANDARD ACL ................................................................................................. 1024.7.1 Syntax of a Standard ACL ...................................................................... 1024.7.2 Using Standard ACLs ............................................................................. 1024.8 EXTENDED ACL.................................................................................................. 1064.8.1 Syntax of the Extended ACLs ................................................................. 1064.8.2 Use of Extended ACLs ............................................................................ 1084.8.2.1 Blocking Subnets ........................................................................................... 1084.8.2.2 Blocking the WWW Service ........................................................................... 1114.8.2.3 Blocking the FTP Service ................................................................................ 1134.8.2.4 Blocking the Ping Command .......................................................................... 1164.8.2.5 Use of Extended Named ACLs ....................................................................... 1195 THE VOIP TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................. 1255.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE VOIP TECHNOLOGY ............................................................. 1255.2 IP PHONE END DEVICE ........................................................................................ 1255.3 PREPARING THE IP TELEPHONE FOR OPERATION ....................................................... 1265.4 CALL MANAGER EXPRESS ..................................................................................... 1295.5 CONFIGURING A SIMPLE VOIP NETWORK ............................................................... 1305.6 COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO VOIP EXCHANGES ................................................ 1366 STP PROTOCOL ............................................................................................... 1476.1 INTRODUCTION TO STP PROTOCOL ........................................................................ 1476.2 BASIC STP CONCEPTS .......................................................................................... 1476.3 MAIN PRINCIPLES OF THE STA .............................................................................. 1496.3.1 Determining the BID and Root BID Sent by the Switches ...................... 1496.3.2 Root Bridge Switch Election. .................................................................. 1506.3.3 Establishing the Role of the Root .......................................................... 1516.3.4 Determining the Role of a Designated Port ........................................... 1516.4 OBSERVATION OF THE STP PROTOCOL OPERATION ................................................... 1526.4.1 First Case of Link Failure ........................................................................ 1536.4.2 Second Case of Link Failure ................................................................... 1556.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE RSTP .................................................................................. 1566.6 COMPARISON OF RSTP AND STP PERFORMANCE ..................................................... 1566.6.1 Enabling the RSTP Protocol ................................................................... 1576.6.2 Disabling the RSTP Protocol .................................................................. 1577 VTP PROTOCOL .............................................................................................. 1617.1 INTRODUCTION TO VTP PROTOCOL ....................................................................... 1617.2 CONFIGURING OF VTP AND RSTP PROTOCOL.......................................................... 1627.2.1 Configuring the RSTP Protocol without Using VTP ................................ 1627.2.2 Configuring RSTP without Using VTP .................................................... 1688 FRAME RELAY TECHNOLOGY .......................................................................... 1758.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FRAME RELAY TECHNOLOGY ................................................. 1758.2 FRAME RELAY OPERATING PRINCIPLE ..................................................................... 1768.2.1 Frame Relay Operating Principle ........................................................... 1768.2.2 Frame Relay Frame Format ................................................................... 1788.2.3 Network Congestion and the Role of CIR, CBIR Parameters in the FR ... 1788.3 FRAME RELAY ADDRESS MAPPING......................................................................... 1798.3.1 Inverse ARP Protocol ............................................................................. 1798.3.2 Frame Relay Connection Status ............................................................. 1808.3.3 DLCI Reserved Numbers ........................................................................ 1808.4 CONFIGURING FRAME RELAY NETWORKS ................................................................ 1819 PPP PROTOCOL .............................................................................................. 1899.1 INTRODUCTION TO PPP PROTOCOL ....................................................................... 1899.1.1 PPP Protocol Characteristics .................................................................. 1899.1.2 NCP Sublayer (NCP Protocol) ................................................................. 1899.1.3 LCP Sublayer (LCP Protocol) ................................................................... 1899.2 AUTHENTICATION TYPES IN THE PPP PROTOCOL ...................................................... 1909.2.1 Configuring PPP with PAP Authentication ............................................. 1909.2.2 Configuring PPP with CHAP Authentication .......................................... 19210 RADIUS PROTOCOL ........................................................................................ 19910.1 SHORT INTRODUCTION TO RADIUS PROTOCOL ....................................................... 19910.2 CONFIGURING RADIUS PROTOCOL ....................................................................... 19911 NETFLOW TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................. 20511.1 INTRODUCTION TO NETFLOW TECHNOLOGY .......................................................... 20511.2 NETFLOW OPERATION ...................................................................................... 20511.3 CONFIGURING NETFLOW ................................................................................... 20612 ADDRESS TRANSLATION USING NAT ............................................................... 21312.1 INTRODUCTION TO NAT ...................................................................................... 21312.1.1 Reasons for Using the NAT Technique ................................................... 21312.1.2 NAT Technique Terminology ................................................................. 21312.2 NAT OPERATING DIAGRAM ................................................................................. 21412.3 NAT TRANSLATION TYPES ................................................................................... 21512.3.1 Static Translation (Static NAT) .............................................................. 21512.3.2 Dynamic NAT Translation ...................................................................... 21513 ADDRESS TRANSLATION USING L2NAT ........................................................... 22113.1 INTRODUCTION TO L2NAT .................................................................................. 22113.2 L2NAT OPERATING DIAGRAM ............................................................................. 22213.2.1 Example of the Simple L2NAT Configuration ......................................... 22413.2.2 Handling repeating IP addresses in L2NAT ............................................ 22514 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS ........................................................................ 23114.1 BASIC CONCEPTS ............................................................................................ 23114.2 BASIC PROTOCOLS, ENCRYPTION AND AUTHENTICATION METHODS ............. 23214.3 CONFIGURING REMOTE ACCESS VPN ............................................................ 23314.4 CONFIGURING A SITE-TO-SITE VPN TUNNEL USING IPSEC ........................... 24315 MULTILAYER SWITCHES .................................................................................. 25115.1 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK LAYER SWITCHING ...................................................... 25115.2 MULTILAYER SWITCH MODELS IN PACKET TRACER .................................................... 25115.3 RESETTING THE SWITCH ....................................................................................... 25315.4 CONFIGURATION OF THE 3560 24PS MULTILAYER SWITCH ....................................... 25315.4.1 Example of the Router‐Switch Topology ............................................... 25415.4.2 Example of L3 Switch ‐ L2 Switch topology. .......................................... 25715.5 CONFIGURATION OF THE 3650‐24PS MULTILAYER SWITCH ....................................... 26115.5.1 Introductory Note for the 3650‐24PS Switch. ........................................ 26115.5.2 Example of L3 Switch ‐ L2 Switches Topology ....................................... 26315.5.3 Example of Topology with Fiber‐based L3 Switches .............................. 26716 EXERCISES ...................................................................................................... 28116.1 RIP PROTOCOL .................................................................................................. 28116.1.1 Exercise (No. 1) – Configuring RIP v2. .................................................... 28116.1.2 Exercise (No. 2) – Configuring RIP v2 ..................................................... 28216.1.3 Exercise (No. 3) – Configuring RIP v2 with Static Routing ..................... 28316.1.4 Exercise (No. 4) – Exporting the RIP v2 Protocol Configuration ............ 28416.1.5 Exercise (No. 5) – Incorrect Local Subnet Addressing ............................ 28416.1.6 Exercise (No. 6) – Incorrect Protocol Configuration .............................. 28516.1.7 Exercise (No. 7) – Incorrect Configuration of Interfaces and RIP Vers ... 28616.2 EIGRP PROTOCOL ............................................................................................. 28816.2.1 Exercise (No. 8) – Configuring EIGRP ..................................................... 28816.2.2 Exercise (No. 9) – EIGRP Configuring and Testing ................................ 28916.2.3 Exercise (No. 10) – Configuring and Verifying Secure EIGRP ................. 29016.2.4 Exercise (No. 11) – Configuring Packet Metrics and Path in EIGRP ....... 29116.2.5 Exercise (No. 12) – Incorrect Configuration of Adjacent Networks ....... 29216.2.6 Exercise (No. 13) – Wrong Wildcard Mask ............................................ 29316.2.7 Exercise (No. 14) – Incorrect EIGRP Process Number ............................ 29416.3 OSPF PROTOCOL ............................................................................................... 29516.3.1 Exercise (No. 15) – Basic Configuration of OSPF ................................... 29516.3.2 Exercise (No. 17) – OSPF Configuration with Change of Link Costs ....... 29616.3.3 Exercise (No. 18) – Configuring OSPF Based on the Loopback Address . 29716.3.4 Exercise (No. 19) – Configuring OSPF Based on Priority ........................ 29916.3.5 Exercise (No. 20) – Wrong Area Number ............................................... 30016.3.6 Exercise (No. 21) – Wrong Wildcard Mask ............................................ 30116.3.7 Exercise (No. 22) – Incorrect Interface Configuration ........................... 30216.4 EBGP PROTOCOL ............................................................................................... 30316.4.1 Exercise (No. 23) – Configuring eBGP with the Loopback Address ........ 30316.4.2 Exercise (No. 24) – Configuring eBGP with the Router ID ...................... 30416.4.3 Exercise (No. 25) – No Entries for BGP Neighbors ................................. 30516.4.4 Exercise (No. 26) – No Entry for Local Network ..................................... 30616.5 STATIC ROUTING ................................................................................................ 30816.5.1 Exercise (No. 27) – Static Routing Using the Next Hop .......................... 30816.5.2 Exercise (No. 28) – Static Routing Using the Output Interface .............. 30916.5.3 Exercise (No. 29) – Packet Routing (Static Routing) .............................. 31016.5.4 Exercise (No. 30) – Creating Routing Using the Next Hop ..................... 31116.5.5 Exercise (No. 31) – Incorrect Subnet Mask ............................................ 31316.5.6 Exercise (No. 32) – Incorrect IP Address of Next Hop ............................ 31416.6 ACCESS CONTROL LISTS ....................................................................................... 31516.6.1 Exercise (No. 33) – Configuring the Basic ACL ....................................... 31516.6.2 Exercise (No. 34) – Configuring the Extended ACLs ............................... 31616.6.3 Exercise (No. 35) ‐ Configuring the Extended ACLs and EIGRP .............. 31716.6.4 Exercise (No. 36) ‐ Named ACLs and OSPF Routing Protocol ................ 31916.7 VOIP TECHNOLOGY ............................................................................................ 32016.7.1 Exercise (No. 37) – Configuring VoIP Phones and Routers as a PBX ...... 32016.7.2 Exercise (No. 38) ‐ Configuring VoIP Phones in Two Networks .............. 32216.8 STP PROTOCOL ................................................................................................. 32316.8.1 Exercise (No. 39) – Configuring Rapid‐PVST and VLANs ........................ 32316.8.2 Exercise (No. 40) – Rapid‐PVST, VLANs and Port Fast Functions ........... 32416.8.3 Exercise (No. 41) – STP Switch Server .................................................... 32616.8.4 Exercise (No. 42) – PVST, VTP and Routing between VLANs ................. 32816.9 VTP PROTOCOL ................................................................................................. 32916.9.1 Exercise (No. 43) – Configuring VTP without Routing between VLANs . 32916.9.2 Exercise (No. 44) – Configuring VTP and Routing between VLANs ....... 33816.10 FRAME RELAY PROTOCOL ................................................................................ 34616.10.1 Exercise (No. 45) – Configuring the Frame Relay Protocol .................... 34616.10.2 Exercise (No. 46) – Configuring the Frame Relay Protocol .................... 35716.10.3 Exercise (No. 47) – Configuring Frame Relay Using Subinterfaces ........ 36416.11 PPP PROTOCOL ............................................................................................. 36916.11.1 Exercise (No. 48) – Configuring PPP with PAP Authentication. ............. 36916.11.2 Exercise (No. 49) – Configuring PPP with CHAP Authentication ............ 37216.12 RADIUS PROTOCOL ....................................................................................... 37616.12.1 Exercise (No. 50) – Configuring RADIUS Protocol .................................. 37616.13 NETFLOW TECHNOLOGY ............................................................................... 38016.13.1 Exercise (No. 51) – Testing Traffic Using Traditional NETFLOW ............ 38016.13.2 Exercise (No. 52) ‐ Testing Traffic Using Flexible NETFLOW .................. 38316.14 ADDRESS TRANSLATION USING NAT AND L2NAT ................................................ 38916.14.1 Exercise (No. 53) – Configuring Static NAT Translation ......................... 38916.14.2 Exercise (No. 54) ‐ Configuring Dynamic and Static NAT Translation. .. 39116.14.3 Exercise (No. 55) – Configuring L2NAT Translation .............................. 39416.15 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS ........................................................................... 39916.15.1 Exercise (No. 56) – Configuring a Simple VPN (Remote Access) ............ 39916.16 MULTILAYER SWITCHES 3560 AND 3650 .......................................................... 40216.16.1 Exercise (No. 57) ‐ Configuring Network with 3560 Switches ................ 40316.16.2 Exercise (No. 58) – Configuring Network with a Single 3560 Switch ..... 41216.16.3 Exercise (No. 59) ‐ Configuring Network with 3650 Switches ................ 41717 APPENDICES ................................................................................................... 42717.1 GLOSSARY OF THE KEY TERMS ............................................................................... 42717.2 SHORTENED IOS COMMANDS .............................................................................. 43017.2.1 Introduction to IOS shortcut commands ............................................... 43017.2.2 Table of commonly used commands ..................................................... 43018 FILE LIST ......................................................................................................... 43718.1 EXAMPLES ........................................................................................................ 43718.2 EXERCISES ......................................................................................................... 439