Head First Learn to Code - Eric Freeman Jastrzębie-Zdrój

What will you learn from this book? Its no secret the world around you is becoming more connected, more configurable, more programmable, more computational. You can remain a passive participant, or you can learn to code. With Head First Learn to Code youll learn how to think computationally and how to write code to make your computer, mobile device, or anything with a CPU do things for you. Using the Python programming language, youll learn step by step the core concepts of programming as well as many fundamental topics from computer science, such as data structures, storage, abstraction, recursion, and modularity. Why does this book look so different? Based on the latest research in cognitive science and learning theory, Head First Learn to Code uses a visually rich format to engage your mind, rather than a text-heavy approach that puts you to sleep. Why waste your time struggling with new concepts? This multi-sensory learning experience is designed for the way your brain really works. Spis treści: Praise for Head First Learn to Code Praise for other books by Eric Freeman Head First Learn to Code the author Table of Contents (the real thing) 1. how to use this book: Intro Who is this book for? Who should probably back away from this book? We know what youre thinking. And we know what your brain is thinking. This must be important! Dont forget it! Metacognition: thinking about thinking So how DO you get your brain to think coding is as important as a tiger? Heres what WE did: Heres what YOU can do to bend your brain into submission Read Me We want you to learn the thinking process behind programming. In this book we use Python. We dont exhaustively cover every aspect of the Python language. You can use a Mac or PC, or Linux for that matter. The activities are NOT optional. The redundancy is intentional and important. The examples are as lean as possible. The Brain Power exercises dont usually have answers. Get the code examples, help, and discussion online. Youre going to have to install Python A word on organizing your code Acknowledgments* The Review Team 2. 1 thinking computationally: Getting Started Breaking it down How coding works Are we even speaking the same language? The world of programming languages How youll write and run code with Python there are no Dumb Questions A very brief history of Python Putting Python through its paces Saving your work Congrats on coding your first Python program! there are no Dumb Questions Phrase-O-Matic Getting the code in the machine 3. 2 simple values, variables, and types: Know Your Value Coding the Dog Age Calculator Going from pseudocode to code Step 1: Getting some input How the input function works Using variables to remember and store values Assigning the users input to a variable Step 2: Getting more input Its time to run some code Getting some code entered A deep dive on variables Adding some expression Variables are called VARY-ables for a reason Better living through operator precedence Computing with operator precedence Crack the Code Challenge Back away from that keyboard! there are no Dumb Questions Step 3: Computing the dogs age Houston, weve got a problem! To err is human to code A little more debugging... Careful what you ask for... What are Python types, anyway? there are no Dumb Questions Fixing our code there are no Dumb Questions Houston, we have liftoff Step 4: User-friendly output Who am I? Solution Crack the Code Challenge SOLUTION 4. 3 booleans, decisions, and loops: Decisive Code Would you like to play a game? How Rock, Paper, Scissors works How youre going to play against the computer First, a high-level design The computers choice How to generate a random number How to use the random number there are no Dumb Questions Taking things further... True? Or False? Introducing the Boolean type Making decisions Decisions and more decisions Back to Rock, Paper, Scissors Getting the users choice Good eye. Taking a look at the users choice Adding the code to detect a tie Who won? Right. How to implement the game logic More about Boolean operators Display the winner Got documentation? How to add comments to your code We need to finish that game! How do we know if the users choice is invalid? Checking out and cleaning up the expression How to continually prompt the user Doing things more than once How the while loop works How to use while to prompt the user until you get a valid choice Congratulations on coding your first game! Beware of the The Dreaded Infinite Loop 5. 4 lists and iteration: Providing Some Structure Can you help Bubbles-R-Us? How to represent multiple values in Python How lists work How to create a list How to access a list item Updating a value in the list How big is that list, anyway? Accessing the last item in the list Python makes this even easier Using Pythons negative indices there are no Dumb Questions Meanwhile, back at Bubbles-R-Us... Cubicle conversation How to iterate over a list Fixing the output glitch Really fixing the output glitch The for loop, the preferred way to iterate over a list How the for loop works How the for loop works on a range of numbers Doing more with ranges Try a starting and ending number Add a step size Count backward Or start from negative numbers there are Dumb Questions Putting it all together Test drive the bubble report Fireside Chats Cubicle conversation continued... Building your own list, from scratch Doing even more with lists Delete an item from a list Add one list to another Or insert items into your list there are no Dumb Questions Test drive the final report And the winners are... Testing the most cost-effective solution Youre right: we didnt need to. 6. 5 functions and abstraction: Getting Functional Whats wrong with the code, anyway? Turning a block of code into a FUNCTION We created a function, so how do we use it? But how does all this actually work? there are no Dumb Questions Functions can RETURN things too How to call a function that has a return value Good catch. Getting a little refactoring under our belts Running the code How to abstract the avatar code Writing the get attribute function body Calling get attribute Lets talk about variables a little more... Understanding variable scope there are no Dumb Questions When variables get passed to functions Making the drink_me function call What about using global variables in functions? Fireside Chats Going further with parameters: default values and keywords How default parameter values work Always list your required parameters first! Using arguments with keywords How to think about all these options The case of the attempted robbery not worth investigating 7. 4, part 2, sorting and nested iteration: Putting Some Order in Your Data Cubicle conversation Understanding bubble sort Starting with pass 1 Pass 2 Pass 3 Some bubble sort pseudocode Cubicle conversation continued... Implementing bubble sort in Python Computing bubble solution numbers 8. 6 text, strings, and heuristics: Putting It All Together Welcome to the data sciences How do you compute something like readability? The game plan Writing some pseudocode We need some text to analyze How to get multiline text into Python Setting up the function First up: we need the total number of words in our text Cubicle conversation there are no Dumb Questions Computing the total number of sentences Writing the count_sentences function Computing the number of syllables, or, learning to love heuristics Cubicle conversation continued... Setting up the heuristic Writing the heuristic How to count vowels Ignoring consecutive vowels Writing the code to ignore consecutive vowels Removing final es, ys, and punctuation He who controls the slice, controls the... Putting slicing (substrings) to work Finishing off the heuristic code Implementing the reading ease formula Taking it even further 9. 7 modules, methods, classes, and objects: Getting Modular Cubicle conversation A quick module review there are no Dumb Questions Cubicle conversation continued... The name global variable Cubicle conversation continued... Updating analyze.py Using analyze.py as a module Adding docstrings to analyze.py Exploring other Python modules Wait, did someone say turtles?! Creating your very own turtle Turtle lab there are no Dumb Questions Adding a second turtle What are turtles, anyway? What are objects? Okay, whats a class then? A class is not an object, its used to construct them. there are no Dumb Questions A class tells us what an object knows and what an object can do How to use objects and classes What about those methods and attributes? Seeing classes and objects everywhere Get ready for some turtle races Planning the game Lets start coding Setting up the game Writing the setup code Not so fast! Starting the race Dont worry, this isnt the end of objects. Odd goings-on at the turtle races. Mod coding cross Mod cross Solution 10. 8 recursion and dictionaries: Beyond Iteration and Indices A different way to compute And now the different way... Now lets write some code for our two cases Lets get some more practice Using recursion to detect palindromes Writing a recursive palindrome detector there are no Dumb Questions Fireside Chats The Anti-Social Network Introducing the dictionary Lets see how to create a dictionary And then add items And then retrieve values by their keys Keys and values do not have to be strings Of course you can remove keys as well But you might want to test to see if it exists first there are no Dumb Questions What about iterating through a dictionary? Okay, but can we get literal for a sec? Leveraging dictionaries at the Anti-Social Network But how do we add more attributes? Remember the Anti-Social Networks killer feature? Finding the most anti-social user Now, its all you! Can we just remember function call results? Using a dictionary to remember our Fibonacci results We might as well use the $5 words: memoization Some more brain building A closer look at the koch function Truly exploring the koch fractal They dont call it the Koch snowflake for nothin 11. 9 saving and retrieving files: Persistence Ready for some Crazy Libs? How to Play How Crazy Libs is going to work Step 1: Read the text of the story from a file To read a file in Python, you first have to open it How to use file paths Relative paths Absolute paths Oh, and dont forget to clean up when youre done! Reading a file into your Python code Using the file object to read a file Oh, give it a break already... Hey, weve got a Crazy Lib game to finish! Using the readline method of the file object How do we know when weve read the last line? Ah, but theres a easier way using the power of Python sequences Reading in a Crazy Lib template Processing the template text Now lets process the text Using a new string method to fix the bug Actually fixing the bug Some code has real problems Handling exceptions Explicitly handling exceptions there are Dumb Questions Updating Crazy Libs to handle exceptions Our last step: storing the Crazy Lib Updating the rest of the code File i/o cross Solution 12. 10 using web apis: You Really Should Get Out More Extending your reach with Web APIs How Web APIs work All Web APIs have a web address Consult the API documentation. Good point. Time for a quick upgrade Doing the upgrade there are no Dumb Questions All we need now is a good Web API... A closer look at the API Web APIs provide data using JSON there are no Dumb Questions Now lets look at that request module again Putting it all together: making a request to Open Notify How to use JSON in Python Using the JSON module on our ISS data Lets add some graphics Meet the screen object Lets add a turtle to represent the ISS Turtles can look like space stations too Forget the ISSwhere are we? Finishing off the ISS code 13. 11 widgets, events, and emergent behavior: Getting Interactive A closer look at the Game of Life Oh, youd be surprised... What were going to build Do we have the right design? How were going to build the simulator Building the data model Representing the grid Computing a generation of the Game of Life Computing each cells fate Completing the model code Where are we? Building the view Creating your first widget Adding the rest of the widgets Correcting the layout Placing the widgets into a grid layout Translating the grid layout to code there are no Dumb Questions Moving on to the controller Adding an update function there are no Dumb Questions Ready for another new style of computation? Lets add a click handler How the start/pause button is going to work Implementing the start/pause button Another kind of event We have the technology: the after method Are we there yet? How to enter and edit cells directly Writing the grid_view handler Now its time to add some patterns Writing a handler for the OptionMenu How to define your patterns Writing the pattern loader 14. 12 object-oriented programming: A Trip to Objectville Breaking it down, a different way Whats the point of object-oriented programming, anyway? Designing your first class Writing your first class How the constructor works there are no Dumb Questions Writing the bark method How methods work Adding some inheritance Implementing the ServiceDog class A closer look at subclassing A ServiceDog IS-A Dog Testing IS-A in code How would you describe yourself? there are no Dumb Questions Overriding and extending behavior Welcome to Jargon City Object can HAS-Another object Designing a Doggie Hotel Implementing the Doggie Hotel Renovating the Doggie Hotel Adding some hotel activities I can do anything you can, or Polymorphism Its about time we teach the other dogs to walk The power of inheritance Creating a Doggie Hotel walking service How are we going to hire a person to walk our dogs if we dont even have people objects? Meanwhile, back at the turtle races The turtle races case SOLVED Have you considered a career in coding? A. appendix: leftovers: The Top Ten Topics (We Didnt Cover) #1 List comprehensions #2 Dates and times #3 Regular expressions #4 Other data types: tuples #5 Other data types: sets #6 Server-side coding #7 Lazy evaluation #8 Decorators #9 Higher-order and first-class functions #10 A lot of libraries Dont worry, this isnt goodbye. B. Bring your brain over to wickedlysmart.com Index Symbols A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z O autorze: Eric Freeman - jest informatykiem o imponującym doświadczeniu zawodowym: pracował między innymi dla The Walt Disney Company, O’Reilly Media, NASA i w kilku startupach. Jeśli tylko używasz komputera osobistego, na pewno korzystasz z dzieł jego intelektu. Freeman od 15 lat pisze o wielu dziedzinach informatyki: zarówno o podstawach tworzenia witryn internetowych, jak i o wysokopoziomowym projektowaniu oprogramowania. Obecnie Freeman jest prezesem spółki WickedlySmart. Wraz ze swoimi ukochanymi kobietami: żoną i córką mieszka w Austin.