R Graphics Cookbook - Winston Chang Chorzów

This O...Reilly cookbook provides more than 150 recipes to help scientists, engineers, programmers, and data analysts generate high-quality graphs quickly-without having to comb through all the details of R...s graphing systems. Each recipe tackles a specific problem with a solution you can apply to your own project and includes a discussion of how and why the recipe works.Most of the recipes in this second edition use the updated version of the ggplot2 package, a powerful and flexible way to make graphs in R. You...ll also find expanded content about the visual design of graphics. If you have at least a basic understanding of the R language, you...re ready to get started with this easy-to-use reference.Use R...s default graphics for quick exploration of dataCreate a variety of bar graphs, line graphs, and scatter plotsSummarize data distributions with histograms, density curves, box plots, and moreProvide annotations to help viewers interpret dataControl the overall appearance of graphicsExplore options for using colors in plotsCreate network graphs, heat maps, and 3D scatter plotsGet your data into shape using packages from the tidyverse Spis treści: Preface Recipes Software and Platform Notes Conventions Used in This Book OReilly Safari How to Contact Us Acknowledgments 1. R Basics 1.1. Installing a Package 1.2. Loading a Package 1.3. Upgrading Packages 1.4. Loading a Delimited Text Data File 1.5. Loading Data from an Excel File 1.6. Loading Data from SPSS/SAS/Stata Files 1.7. Chaining Functions Together with %>%, the Pipe Operator 2. Quickly Exploring Data 2.1. Creating a Scatter Plot 2.2. Creating a Line Graph 2.3. Creating a Bar Graph 2.4. Creating a Histogram 2.5. Creating a Box Plot 2.6. Plotting a Function Curve 3. Bar Graphs 3.1. Making a Basic Bar Graph 3.2. Grouping Bars Together 3.3. Making a Bar Graph of Counts 3.4. Using Colors in a Bar Graph 3.5. Coloring Negative and Positive Bars Differently 3.6. Adjusting Bar Width and Spacing 3.7. Making a Stacked Bar Graph 3.8. Making a Proportional Stacked Bar Graph 3.9. Adding Labels to a Bar Graph 3.10. Making a Cleveland Dot Plot 4. Line Graphs 4.1. Making a Basic Line Graph 4.2. Adding Points to a Line Graph 4.3. Making a Line Graph with Multiple Lines 4.4. Changing the Appearance of Lines 4.5. Changing the Appearance of Points 4.6. Making a Graph with a Shaded Area 4.7. Making a Stacked Area Graph 4.8. Making a Proportional Stacked Area Graph 4.9. Adding a Confidence Region 5. Scatter Plots 5.1. Making a Basic Scatter Plot 5.2. Grouping Points Together Using Shapes or Colors 5.3. Using Different Point Shapes 5.4. Mapping a Continuous Variable to Color or Size 5.5. Dealing with Overplotting 5.6. Adding Fitted Regression Model Lines 5.7. Adding Fitted Lines from an Existing Model 5.8. Adding Fitted Lines from Multiple Existing Models 5.9. Adding Annotations with Model Coefficients 5.10. Adding Marginal Rugs to a Scatter Plot 5.11. Labeling Points in a Scatter Plot 5.12. Creating a Balloon Plot 5.13. Making a Scatter Plot Matrix 6. Summarized Data Distributions 6.1. Making a Basic Histogram 6.2. Making Multiple Histograms from Grouped Data 6.3. Making a Density Curve 6.4. Making Multiple Density Curves from Grouped Data 6.5. Making a Frequency Polygon 6.6. Making a Basic Box Plot 6.7. Adding Notches to a Box Plot 6.8. Adding Means to a Box Plot 6.9. Making a Violin Plot 6.10. Making a Dot Plot 6.11. Making Multiple Dot Plots for Grouped Data 6.12. Making a Density Plot of Two-Dimensional Data 7. Annotations 7.1. Adding Text Annotations 7.2. Using Mathematical Expressions in Annotations 7.3. Adding Lines 7.4. Adding Line Segments and Arrows 7.5. Adding a Shaded Rectangle 7.6. Highlighting an Item 7.7. Adding Error Bars 7.8. Adding Annotations to Individual Facets 8. Axes 8.1. Swapping X- and Y-Axes 8.2. Setting the Range of a Continuous Axis 8.3. Reversing a Continuous Axis 8.4. Changing the Order of Items on a Categorical Axis 8.5. Setting the Scaling Ratio of the X- and Y-Axes 8.6. Setting the Positions of Tick Marks 8.7. Removing Tick Marks and Labels 8.8. Changing the Text of Tick Labels 8.9. Changing the Appearance of Tick Labels 8.10. Changing the Text of Axis Labels 8.11. Removing Axis Labels 8.12. Changing the Appearance of Axis Labels 8.13. Showing Lines Along the Axes 8.14. Using a Logarithmic Axis 8.15. Adding Ticks for a Logarithmic Axis 8.16. Making a Circular Plot 8.17. Using Dates on an Axis 8.18. Using Relative Times on an Axis 9. Controlling the Overall Appearance of Graphs 9.1. Setting the Title of a Graph 9.2. Changing the Appearance of Text 9.3. Using Themes 9.4. Changing the Appearance of Theme Elements 9.5. Creating Your Own Themes 9.6. Hiding Grid Lines 10. Legends 10.1. Removing the Legend 10.2. Changing the Position of a Legend 10.3. Changing the Order of Items in a Legend 10.4. Reversing the Order of Items in a Legend 10.5. Changing a Legend Title 10.6. Changing the Appearance of a Legend Title 10.7. Removing a Legend Title 10.8. Changing the Labels in a Legend 10.9. Changing the Appearance of Legend Labels 10.10. Using Labels with Multiple Lines of Text 11. Facets 11.1. Splitting Data into Subplots with Facets 11.2. Using Facets with Different Axes 11.3. Changing the Text of Facet Labels 11.4. Changing the Appearance of Facet Labels and Headers 12. Using Colors in Plots 12.1. Setting the Colors of Objects 12.2. Representing Variables with Colors 12.3. Using a Colorblind-Friendly Palette 12.4. Using a Different Palette for a Discrete Variable 12.5. Using a Manually Defined Palette for a Discrete Variable 12.6. Using a Manually Defined Palette for a Continuous Variable 12.7. Coloring a Shaded Region Based on Value 13. Miscellaneous Graphs 13.1. Making a Correlation Matrix 13.2. Plotting a Function 13.3. Shading a Subregion Under a Function Curve 13.4. Creating a Network Graph 13.5. Using Text Labels in a Network Graph 13.6. Creating a Heat Map 13.7. Creating a Three-Dimensional Scatter Plot 13.8. Adding a Prediction Surface to a Three-Dimensional Plot 13.9. Saving a Three-Dimensional Plot 13.10. Animating a Three-Dimensional Plot 13.11. Creating a Dendrogram 13.12. Creating a Vector Field 13.13. Creating a QQ Plot 13.14. Creating a Graph of an Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function 13.15. Creating a Mosaic Plot 13.16. Creating a Pie Chart 13.17. Creating a Map 13.18. Creating a Choropleth Map 13.19. Making a Map with a Clean Background 13.20. Creating a Map from a Shapefile 14. Output for Presentation 14.1. Outputting to PDF Vector Files 14.2. Outputting to SVG Vector Files 14.3. Outputting to WMF Vector Files 14.4. Editing a Vector Output File 14.5. Outputting to Bitmap (PNG/TIFF) Files 14.6. Using Fonts in PDF Files 14.7. Using Fonts in Windows Bitmap or Screen Output 14.8. Combining Several Plots into the Same Graphic 15. Getting Your Data into Shape 15.1. Creating a Data Frame 15.2. Getting Information About a Data Structure 15.3. Adding a Column to a Data Frame 15.4. Deleting a Column from a Data Frame 15.5. Renaming Columns in a Data Frame 15.6. Reordering Columns in a Data Frame 15.7. Getting a Subset of a Data Frame 15.8. Changing the Order of Factor Levels 15.9. Changing the Order of Factor Levels Based on Data Values 15.10. Changing the Names of Factor Levels 15.11. Removing Unused Levels from a Factor 15.12. Changing the Names of Items in a Character Vector 15.13. Recoding a Categorical Variable to Another Categorical Variable 15.14. Recoding a Continuous Variable to a Categorical Variable 15.15. Calculating New Columns from Existing Columns 15.16. Calculating New Columns by Groups 15.17. Summarizing Data by Groups 15.18. Summarizing Data with Standard Errors and Confidence Intervals 15.19. Converting Data from Wide to Long 15.20. Converting Data from Long to Wide 15.21. Converting a Time Series Object to Times and Values A. Understanding ggplot2 Background Some Terminology and Theory Building a Simple Plot Printing Stats Themes End Index